The roots of the islamic revolution can be traced to developments that long predated it. In 1963, the shah initiated his white revolution, a series of farreaching reforms intended to modernize and westernize iran. It was a revolution in the true sense of the concept for its lust for justice, liberty and equality. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext.
The iranian revolution 1977 1979 download pdf version by stephen zunes april 2009. Celebrating its 35th anniversary, irans islamic revolution shocked the world and redrew the map of global alliances. Demonstrations against the shah commenced in october 1977, developing into a campaign of civil resistance, and intensified in january 1978. Start studying causes and effects of iranian revolution. Heres a brief history of the iranian revolution of 1979, in which islamic clerics overthrew shah pahlavi and established the islamic republic of iran. While these reforms produced rapid economic growth, they also led to social dislocation, rapid. Khomeini, who later became the leader of the islamic revolution, reinterpreted the. The first obligation is to unconditionally obey the commandments of almighty allah swt with an. Sociologist arjomand suny, stony brook explains the social and political eruption in iran in 1979 and its farranging implications. Second edition the making of irans islamic revolution. Remembering irans 1979 islamic revolution as part of a series of conversations marking 1979 as a seminal year in the muslim world, steve inskeep talks. The bbc persian service and the islamic revolution of 1979 massoumeh torfeh and annabelle sreberny in the recent political crisis in iran that followed the contested presidential elections of 12 june, 2009, bbc persian television henceforth bbcptv that had started in. We begin with the bestknown work of imam khomeini, his lectures on islamic government, and then proceed to offer a selection of his speeches and declarations, which, chronologically arranged, form an outline documentary history of the islamic revolution.
The iranian revolution was the islamic revolution that replaced the secular monarchy of shah mohammad reza pahlavi with a religious republic led by ayatollah ruhollah khomeini its causes continue to be the subject of historical debate and are believed to have stemmed partly from a conservative backlash opposing the westernization, modernization and secularization efforts of the. Aug 17, 2009 remembering irans 1979 islamic revolution as part of a series of conversations marking 1979 as a seminal year in the muslim world, steve inskeep talks to iranianborn journalist kasra naji about. Since 1988 iran is officially known as the islamic republic of iran. From the islamic revolution to the islamic republic of iran. He argues that irans tradition is closely tied to shite islam.
Ideology, politics, and the development of military power in iran 19792009 by. The iranian revolution is the only modern revolution which was deliberately and coherently fomented by a revolutionary movement consisting of different social classes united under the leadership of a senior shia cleric ayatollah ruhollah khomeini. Edward said and the iranian revolution david zarnett the iranian revolution was not only a godsend for those muslims who identified with its cause, it was also a blessing for those among the american left who saw it as a significant blow against the evil american empire. The process of islamic revolution hiba family resource. A history of islamic societies, third edition this third edition of ira m. The islamic revolution occurred in 1979, in the muslim majority country of iran. Jul 20, 20 sahar delijani was born in tehrans notorious evin prison in 1983, the child of a secular activist who took part in the 1979 islamic revolution but was later jailed for her political activities. By looking at the historical, domestic, international, and socioeconomic factors related to the revolution, this case study examines the turbulent context of iranian society in. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.
This website is for people of various faiths who seek to understand islam and muslims. Following the success of the revolution, the islamists instituted a theocratic dictatorship and wiped out the workers movement and the left. Islamist revolutionaries opposed the western secular policies of the authoritarian shah of iran mohammed reza pahlavi supporters of ayatollah khomeini organized protests in opposition to the authoritarian government of the shah. So this theory by taking an interactive process between the elements and components.
The islamic revolution impacted other islamic countries by showing how to fight against modernization. Leftwing members of the organization decided to resume activities in 1991 and established leftist mojahedin of the islamic revolution of iran organization adding the words of iran to the name which later emerged as a reformist party. Mar 01, 20 t he islamic republic of iran that emerged from the revolution of 1979 has lasted quite well. The justifications for jihad, war and revolution in islam bibliography. There are, indeed, a number of indications that pakistan is destined to play a pivotal role concerning the future of islam, and that pakistan will have the honor. He claims that the islam practiced in iran has very little similarity to the qorans intention and the prophets and the imams legacy. Modern science is wholly the gift of the islamic revolution directly in its initial stages, and indirectly in its later stages. Supporters of the revolution are still the leaders of the country. Some rightwing members founded society of devotees of the islamic revolution in late1990s. The islamic revolution of monotheism opened the doors of research and investigation by displacing nature from its sacred pedestal. The theocracy had the consent of the governed, which represented a government that the people wanted.
There were more than 40,000 vaqfholdings lands endowed for charitable purposes in 1960. Consistency and viability of islamic economic systems and the transition process. The islamic revolution and iran under ayatollah khomeini, 1979 1989 8 president rafsanjani and the era of reconstruction, 1989 1997 9 president khatami and the reform movement, 1997 2005 10 2 politics 15 2. Background and causes of the iranian revolution wikipedia. What are the main points of the islamic revolution in 1979. The religion of islam the origins of islam introduction 1.
Supporters of ayatollah khomeini organized protests in opposition to the authoritarian government of the shah. The attack on the world twin towers and the pentagon in 2001 d. There are, indeed, a number of indications that pakistan is destined to play a pivotal role concerning the future of islam, and that pakistan will have the honor of leading the. In 1979, a drastic change has been occurred in iran. The iranian revolution a history and analysis of the revolution in which socialists aligned themselves with islamists to overthrow the westbacked shah. The author is deepy indebted to arif shamim of karachi and farooq siddiqui of texas for their intellectual contribution to this work in addition to thus speaks the bible and hindu fundamentalism. To learn more about how to request items watch this short online video. Modern science is wholly the gift of the islamic revolutiondirectly in its initial stages, and indirectly in its later stages. The islamic revolution occurred in 1979, in the muslim country iran. Pakistan enjoys a special significance in the context of the contemporary global movement for islamic revival and renaissance. Khomeinis theory of islamic state and the making of the.
Sahar delijani was born in tehrans notorious evin prison in 1983, the child of a secular activist who took part in the 1979 islamic revolution but was later jailed for her political activities. A the rebirth of democracy, 1988a1993 the vanguard of the islamic revolution. Nov 25, 2019 heres a brief history of the iranian revolution of 1979, in which islamic clerics overthrew shah pahlavi and established the islamic republic of iran. Mojahedin of the islamic revolution organization persian. All criticism of the author in this book is directed to the. Holy warriors of the islamic revolution was an umbrella political organization in iran, founded in 1979 by unification of seven underground islamist revolutionary paramilitary and civil organizations which. Causes and effects of iranian revolution flashcards quizlet. Cutrone, the failure of the islamic revolution 8309 27 iranian dissidents and election protesters such as danny postel, fred halliday, and the various marxisthumanist publications in the u. Religious elements of the 1979 islamic revolution september 30, 20 this case study investigates the social, economic, and political dynamics of 1970s iran that led the iranian people to accept, and then maintain, religion as the basis of a new political system after deposing mohammad reza shah pahlavi in 1979. A process of political polarization has b e en set in motion by the disaffection of irans liberal democrats, students, professionals and increas. More accurate are the categories used and accepted by many iranians themselves. The iranian revolution was a conflict over identity through the lens of nationalism.
W the above volume has for many years been the most important reference for outlining the general course of the roots of the islamic revolution in iranian universities. Roots of iranian revolution at 1979 nail kayapinar the objective of this paper is realize the main reasons of the islamic revolution in iran in 1979 and see what is changed by revolution. The iranian revolution also known as the islamic revolution or 1979 revolution refers to events involving the overthrow of irans monarchy and its replacement with an islamic republic. It featured an organized alliance of opposition groups, each with their own distinct grievances and revolutionary goals. Although the islamic revolutionary leadership has an exclusive grip on state power, it does not hold a monopoly over the practice of politics in iran. The iranian revolution of 197779 was the first in a series of mass popular civil insurrections which would result in the overthrow of authoritarian regimes in dozens of countries over the next three decades. Pdf foreign policy of iran after islamic revolution. Lapiduss classic a history of islamic societies has been substantially revised to incorporate the new scholarship and insights of the last twenty. Islamist revolutionaries opposed the western secular policies of the authoritarian shah of iran mohammed reza pahlavi. Its challenge to the west the ideological engine powering the iranian regimes race for regional supremacy is among the more misunderstood and ignored aspects of irans political and military activity in. The process of an islamic revolution pakistan enjoys a especial significance in the context of the contemporary global movement for islamic revival and renaissance.
Women and the islamic revolution 285 shariati distinguishes between islam as a true religion and islam as practiced by iranians and advocated by their religious authorities. Mojahedin of the islamic revolution organization wikipedia. The iranian revolution has been called a revolution for every theory, and indeed many scholars have tried to analyze it through various theoretical lens parsa 3. These are followed by two interviews that imam khomeini granted me. The fifth essay, religion, the most important element in the islamic revolutions victory, is a selection from the book the islamic revolution and its roots. It contains a lot of brief, yet informative articles about different aspects of islam. What are the main points of the islamic revolution. Islamic revolution simple english wikipedia, the free. Dec 03, 20 the iranian revolution has been called a revolution for every theory, and indeed many scholars have tried to analyze it through various theoretical lens parsa 3. Request this item to view in the library s reading rooms using your library card. How does islamic revolution resemble other waves of revolution communist peasant rebellions in the 20th century, national revolutions in europe in the 19th century, democratic revolutions in the. Mar 23, 2010 this is the natural method for bringing about that revolution and setting up that state system which is called the islamic revolution and the islamic state. Sixth, the land reform generated acrimony between the ulama and the shahs regime.
D volume one for free book service please write to. Shia political ideology underwent a signi cant transformation in the late 1960s and early 1970s. The fifth essay, religion, the most important element in the islamic revolution s victory, is a selection from the book the islamic revolution and its roots. Thirty years on, and better late than never, iran is a more prosperous country than under the pahlavi. Second edition the making of irans islamic revolution from monarchy to islamic republic. Islamic states medieval ideology owes a lot to revolutionary france september 8, 2014 9. Israr ahmad rendered into english by ghulam rabbani shah the divinely ordained obligations of a muslim can be understood as having three levels. The reason for the revolution a violent overthrow of a government was that many iranians disliked the shah mohammed reza pahlavi ayatollah khomeini organized protests to overthrow the government. Although the islamicrevolutionary leadership has an exclusive grip on state power, it does not hold a monopoly over the practice of politics in iran. Following the islamic revolution of 1979, the period between 1980 and 1983 saw an islamization of the universities. How does islamic revolution resemble other waves of.
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